Christmas Eve Service

Most Greek people are Orthodox Christians. In this tradition, Christmas Eve services are formally known as the Eve of Nativity celebration. During this special gathering, numerous Biblical verses are cited and hymns are sung. Each of the elements of the service are designed to announce Christ’s brith.

Some of the elements include the Hours, which summarize the themes of Christmas, the Vespers, which include Bible verses that announces Christ’s arrival into the world, and the Divine Liturgy of Saint Basil. There are also some special hymns that are sung during these services.

Boat Decorating 

An especially Greek Christmas tradition is the decorating of a karakavi, of a small sea vessel. Some believe this tradition is traced back to the important Greek Saint Nicholas, the Patron Saint of Sailors.

Still others believe this tradition is more rooted in Greek culture. The nation is home to countless islands. Ergo, for centuries, many men have made their living as sailors.

That said, such individuals spent many months away from their families and homes often battling treacherous conditions. The karakavi were created as a way of honoring their service and praying for their safe return.

Christmas Hog

In certain Greek regions, especially Crete, the Christmas Hog is still a major custom. Given the nation’s proximity to water and its possessing a tropical climate, citizens have typically consumed the famed Mediterranean Diet, comprised primarily of seafood and produce products.

Traditionally, any type of meat was considered a significant delicacy and privilege. However, during the Christmas season, which in Greece, lasts 12 days, people would splurge and eat pig meat. In fact, not one part of the animal would be wasted. Even the pig’s bladder would be cleansed, inflated, and used as a ball by children.

Carols (Kalanda)

Like other countries and cultures, Greek people embrace the Christmas season by singing jovial and religious-based carols, also known as “kalanda”. In many instances, these songs are sung by children. On Christmas Eve, participating young people go from home to home asking for permission to sing. When the homeowners invite them in, the youths sing. After the performance is completed, the homeowners often demonstrate their appreciation by rewarding the young people with sweet treats.

Traditional Foods

In Greece, certain traditional foods are eaten in celebration of Christmas. Popular appetizers include a soup made up of lemon, chicken, eggs, and rice. In accordance wit the hog tradition, some type of pork recipe is typically the main course, which is supplemented with side dishes such as stuffed cabbage and Christopsomo bread.

There are also some traditional pastries that are served during this time of year, such as the Melamakarona cookies, which are usually only made at this time of year. Other traditional favorites include a variety of cookies, walnut spice cake, and cheese pastries.

Goblins (Kalikantzaroi)

A particularly unique Greek Christmas tradition is the Kalikantzaroi, or Christmas goblins. Tradition states these small, foul creatures emerge from the underworld during the holiday season, lurk at night and possess the potential to cause serious damage if they enter one’s home.

Legend continues that homeowners who place colanders on their doorsteps can keep these evil spirits from entering. These implements have countless holes. Tradition says that the creatures believe the number three is holy and must kill themselves before saying three out loud.

Christmas is one of the major holidays of the year. Because of this, there are many Greek Christmas traditions associated with it.

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Here’s a look at some of the Greek Christmas desserts to try:

Melamacarona – Christmas Cookies

Melamacarona are actually considered the Greek Christmas cookie. People all over the world enjoy this special, sweet cookie and identify it as the “official” Christmas cookie. Everyone has their own way of making it, and our version follows some of the main traditions. In our version, we use a good amount of Greek olive oil, traditional spices, as well as authentic Greek honey, if you can find it. If not, feel free to use any honey you have on hand.

Christopsomo –  Christmas Bread

This traditional bread is a special treat that is usually served during the Christmas meal. It is a sweetbread and has a soft consistency. It is similar to the traditional Greek bread that is served at Easter, also known as tsoureki. However, the Christmas version of the traditional “special occasion” bread has a different flavor profile. Our version is sweetened with anise, but feel free to substitute for mahleb or even orange peels instead, if desired.

Kourabedies – Shortbread Cookies

Often thought of as a special occasion cookie, these shortbreads are often found on the Christmas table. made with butter, flour, vanilla, and plenty of confectioners’ sugar, these cookies have a light and decadent texture and flavor. Our version uses vanilla extract, but feel free to substitute that for the vanilla sugar that is often used in Greece. In some parts of Greece, you may notice that this cookie is often made from crushed almond meal instead of flour.

Baklava – Nut and Phyllo Dessert

Baklava is a classic Greek dessert, and it makes an excellent addition to the Christmas feast. In some parts of Greece, such as in Evros, the Christmas version of baklava is often made from different ingredients. For example, sesame seeds are often used instead of walnuts. Our version uses walnuts, sugar, and warming spices like cinnamon. It is finished with a sweet syrup made from honey and sugar.

Koulourakia – Butter Cookies

Koulourakia is one of those desserts that is great any time of year! It tastes especially good when dipped in liquid, such as coffee and even wine. It makes a good accompanying dessert during Christmas because it has a nice, universal appeal. Our version uses plenty of butter and has a nice, festive flavor with the addition of the orange flavoring.

Galaktoboureko – Custard Dessert

This dessert provides a nice alternative to some of the other desserts mentioned here. The creamy custard, phyllo, and sweet syrup make this dessert especially suited for the Christmas feast. It is also a nice alternative to baklava, which has a different texture. The creaminess of the custard is what makes the dish truly special.

You can’t go wrong by serving any of these Greek desserts with your Christmas dinner!

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In order to really learn about Christmas in Greece, it helps to be familiar with the vocabulary. Here are some words that you need to know that are related to this holiday:

Christmas Vocabulary Words in the Greek Language:

Christmas Day is on December 25th in Greece, and the Greeks celebrate what’s known as the “12 Days of Christmas.” Essentially, the celebrations begin on Christmas Day on December 25th and end on January 6th, the day of Epiphany. Here are the important words:

• Χριστούγεννα – christouenna – Christmas
• η παραμονή των Χριστουγέννων – i paramoni ton Christouyennon – Christmas Eve
• Καλά Χριστούγεννα – kala christouenna – Merry Christmas
• η Χριστουγεννιάτικη κάρτα – i christouyenniatiki karta – Christmas card
• το Xριστουγεννιάτικο δέντρο – to christouyenniatiko thendro
• τα κάλαντα – to kalanda – Christmas carol
• Σας εύχομαι καλά Χριστούγεννα – Sas efkoma kala christouenna –  I wish you Merry Christmas
• Χρόνια πολλά – chronia polla – This phrase is difficult to translate. You say it when you wish someone many years of good health. It is said on someone’s birthday, name day, major holidays, etc. It is definitely said on Christmas.
• Καλές γιορτές – kales yortes – Literally translated, it means “Good Holidays”. It is used the same way we use, “Happy Holidays.”
• Καλή Χρονιά – Kali Chronia – Happy New Year
• Καλή Πρωτοχρονιά – Kali protochronia – Happy New Year’s Eve
• Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος – Eftihsmeno to neo etos – Happy New Year (formal version)
• η παραμονή της Πρωτοχρονιάς – I paramoni paramoni protohronias
• Ημέρα των Χριστουγέννων – Imera ton Christouyennon – Christmas Day
• φάτνη του Χριστού – fatin tou Christou – the Manger of Christ
• Άγιος Βασίλης – Ayios Vasilis – Saint Basil, Also known as the Greek Santa Claus
• χριστουγεννιάτικα κάλαντα – christouyenniatika kalanda – Christmas carols
• τα κάλαντα – to kalanda – the carols
• το χριστουγεννιάτικο δέντρο – Christouyenniatiko thendro – Christmas tree

Christmas is an important holiday in Greece. It is not inly a religious holiday, bit it is also a time for families to come together and enjoy some great memories. Read over this list a few times so you can become familiar with all the words and try to use them whenever you can in order to practice it.

The Learn Greek section on GreekBoston.com was written by Greeks to help people understand the conversational basics of the Greek language. This article is not a substitute for a professional Greek learning program, but a helpful resource for people wanting to learn simple communication in Greek.

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Every year, Orthodox Christians begin celebrating the Nativity of Christ on the Christmas Day. However, the preparations for the celebrations start much before that. Christians start fasting forty days prior to January 6, which is the day that Greeks celebrate Christ’s birth. Called the Nativity Fast, they engage in this spiritual practice for personal reasons, but the main reason is so that they could stop focusing on earthly pleasures and simply bring their attentions to God. After the Christmas Eve service, people then go home from church in order to break their Nativity Fast, as long as it’s past midnight and officially Christmas Day, or Epiphany. Here’s more information about the church service:

What happens on the Christmas Eve? 

In Greece, the Eve of the Nativity, Christmas Eve, is celebrated on January 5. The liturgical services include three phases. The first is the portion of the service referred to as “The Hours”, which summarizes the themes of the great feast. There are special biblical readings, hymns, and psalms prescribed for every single hour. 

The Hours is followed by Vespers. This step marks the inauguration of the actual feast. Vespers include a total of eight biblical readings. These readings, together, show that Lord Jesus Christ basically stands as the symbol of fulfillment of every prophecy. 

The final part of the service involves the Liturgy of St. Basil. Earlier, it used to be called baptismal liturgy. It used to be the phase during which catechumens, or Christian converts, were baptized. Although this is still adhered to, it is optional if there are no converts that need to be baptized. 

After the above three phases are complete, it is time to begin the portion of the service known as “The Vigil”, which starts with a ritual called the great Compline. This stage is marked by the happy proclamation called Isaiah, which means “God is with us”. Christians sing a beautiful Canon at this point. The celebrations of the Nativity are concluded with the Liturgy. 

Breaking the Nativity Fast

The Eve of the Epiphany service ends after midnight, which means that it is now Epiphany, or Christmas Day, which is on January 6. At this point, people begin leaving the church and heading home to have the special meal that breaks their Nativity Fast. Some churches even have a reception after the service so people can eat their meal at church before they go home. This meal is welcomed since the Eve of the Epiphany is the day when the fast is at its strictest. After the fast is broken, people go to sleep and then wake up in order to celebrate Christmas Day with their family members and friends later on.

What types of food are typically eaten? Generally, people try to eat the things they were deprived of during the fast. This could include meat, dairy, sugar, oil, wine, and more depending on how strictly they adhered to it. Since fasting is personal, this means that the meal that breaks the fast is often a personal experience, as well. For instance, if you permitted yourself to have oil during the fast, it won’t feel like much of a treat while eating it after the Christmas Eve service!

As you can see, Christmas Eve, also referred to as the Eve of the Nativity of Christ or the Eve of Epiphany, is a special time. Those who do participate in the religious service enjoy making it a part of their Christmas traditions!

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History of the First Christmas Tree in Greece

The first Christmas tree came to Greece in 1833. The King Otto, who was originally from Bavaria, brought with him many traditions from his old country. Christmas trees have been a part of the German Christmas tradition since Martin Luther began the custom and the new king set out to make the Palace of Othonas feel like home. He reigned from 1832 to 1862 and each year during Christmas, there would be a tree at the palace. Many families began to decorate Christmas trees, as well.

Decorating the Christmas Tree in Greece

Every place has its own traditions and customs for decorating the Christmas tree. The one thing that is different when it comes to decorating a Christmas tree in Greece, is that the people there follow a more traditional approach. Often, they use a wooden bowl with a piece of wire attached to the rim, and a sprig of basil hanging from it.

Family members keep some water in the bowl to keep the basil fresh. Each day, during the 12 day period from Christmas to Epiphany, a family member will take some holy water and dip the cross and basil in it. Then, the holy water is sprinkled to every corner of the house. This procedure, the Greeks believe, helps keep all evil spirits away, whom they refer to as the ‘kallikantzaroi’.

Greek Tradition of Decorating Boats

Although Greeks do decorate Christmas trees, it isn’t nearly as common a practice as decorating boats. Boats are a powerful symbol in Greece of moving towards a new life. However, while they symbolized something positive, they also represented the dangers that the people could experience at sea. Still, this remains a common practice.

If the people own their own boat, they usually hang strings of lights and other decorations on them. Otherwise, model boats are decorated. This practice experienced a resurgence in the 1970’s where the people wanted to do something more traditional to their own culture. Today, in many of Greece, especially on the  islands, the tradition of decorating boats remain as popular. Children spend days decorating boats, and then sing Christmas carols while sailing in the boats.

Although many families do decorate a Christmas tree, others do stick to their original custom of decorating boats. In some families, both traditions are adhered to. For instance, in Syntagma Square in Athens, there is always both a Christmas tree and a decorated boat.

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Although most parts of Greece have similar Christmas traditions, there are some differences, especially on the island of Crete. The cuisine is also unique from the rest of Greece. As a result, there are different food traditions for Christmas. On this island, it is the tradition to slaughter a pig and enjoy the meat not only for the Christmas feast, but also into the New Year. Here’s an overview of this custom:

 What is Christmas Hog? 

The tradition of slaughtering a pig during this time of year actually didn’t begin because of Christmas – it started much earlier than that. According to this tradition, each family of the Crete had to raise a hog, pig, in their home for the purpose of slaughtering on the Christmas Eve. On the next day, that slaughtered pig will be served as the main dish. 

Preparing the Food

The day after the pig is killed, the family gathers to cut the meat with the purpose of preparing a variety of foods. Although some of it will be served at Christmas, a hog is a large animal and the meat will be prepared in different ways in order to preserve it. For instance,  they make sausages, apakia, pithi, siglina, omathies, and Tsigarithes. 

Here’s an overview of how the meat is traditionally prepared:

• Apakia –  The pork meat is cut into chunks and then smoked.
• Pithi – With pithi, the meat is seasoned and then preserved in gelatin.
• Siglina – The meat is cut into small pieces and then stored in the large pots with the lids on. They store this preparation for a couple of months.
• Omathies – During this process,  the intestines and liver is mixed rice and raisins.
• Tsigarithes – The pork is seasoned and usually eaten it in the mid-morning meal with bread.

Although some of the meat is set aside for the Christmas meal, the pork meat is also made into the above preparations in order to preserve the meat. In some families, it wasn’t possible to constantly have fresh meat and for many, the Christmas hog was one of the major sources of meat for the year. 

Other Uses for the Hog

An interesting thing about this tradition is that the Cretans don’t let any part of the animal go to waste and use almost every part of the animal – even organs like the bladder!  In fact, the bladder was typically fashioned into a ball for children to play with throughout the year. In this way, the family was able to use the animal not only to provide sustenance, but to also make the children a special toy for Christmas. 

Families all over Crete looked forward to slaughtering a hog each year. This not only gave them a chance to enjoy meat for their Christmas feast, but it also provided them with a source of meat throughout the year. By preserving the animal using techniques such as smoking or preserving it in gelatin, this allowed the meat to be enjoyed long after Christmas. 

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Origins of Gift Exchanges in Greece

The custom of exchanging Christmas gifts has deep roots in Greek tradition. In addition to the Bible story of the Magi bringing gifts to the newborn Christ, the legends of two beloved Greek bishops have been passed down over many centuries.

The first is St. Nicholas, whose Greek name is Nikolaos of Myra. According to folklore, Nikolaos had a friend who couldn’t afford dowries for his three daughters. In ancient Greece, it was disgraceful for women to remain unmarried. Nikolaos wanted to help his friend without shaming him in public. He crept to the man’s house in the dead of night and tossed three purses full of gold through a window.

The other legend concerns St. Basil of Caesarea. He was wealthy but had a heart for the poor. He was especially taken with children and gave all his possessions to impoverished families.  St. Basil is the Greek version of Santa Claus.

Rules of Exchanging Gifts at Christmas

In other countries, people try to give each other gifts for Christmas that they think the recipient will enjoy.It is also important to note that the traditional day for exchanging gifts is on New Year’s Eve or New Year’s Day. Gifts aren’t often exchanged during Epiphany, or Christmas Day, which is on January 6 in Greece. In Greece, however, there are more rules than that. Here’s an overview of some of the rules:

• Exchange with Close Friends and Family Members

In Greece, you don’t really give gifts to people that you don’t know that well. The honor of giving and receiving a gift is usually reserved for those who have a special place in a person’s life.

• Obey the Rules for Wrapping and Opening

Another important rule is that a gift should always be wrapped. Not only that, but it is considered impolite for the recipient to wait. It should be opened immediately and a reaction given right away.

• Don’t Spend Too Much Money

Gifts should be meaningful but not too expensive. This is because they are expected to give a gift that has an equal value to the gift you gave them in return. When you give out an expensive gift, you make it difficult for a friend or a member of your family to reciprocate.

• Never Give a Knife, Scissors, or Anything Sharp

In Greece, knives and scissors should not be given out as Christmas gifts. It is normally considered bad luck to give something sharp.

Gift giving for Christmas is done differently in Greece than the rest of the world. Just remember that as long as you follow the rules, the gift will be considered a success.

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Stuffed Cabbage

This dish is a traditional food, especially in Northern Greece. Essentially, yiaprakia is a type of stuffed cabbage that is primarily served at Christmas in certain regions. There are many variations to this dish, depending on the family and also the region of Greece. The traditional Kozani version consist of ground pork and cabbage soaked in in brine for a period of 6 weeks.

Christopsomo

This is used to emulate Christ’s bread. In fact, the term Christopsomo (picture above) means Christ’s bread. It is a popular fixture in Orthodox homes in Greece during Christmas. This bread is lovingly prepared by people in the household, but bakeries also sell it for those who don’t want to make their own. Not only that, but there are those who consider this bread to be sacred. It is believed that this bread has to be made well for a family to enjoy peace and prosperity in the next year.

Meat Dishes

In Greece, Christmas is a time when families bring out their favorite meat dishes, particular pork, but other types of meats are also served. Slaughtering hogs  usually takes place during winter. This means that it is often a primary source of meat for the Christmas feast in Greece! People who raise and slaughter their own hogs usually prepare their tasty dishes for Christmas around hearths and open fires. Here’s a recipe for Baked Pork Loin and another for Roasted Pork with Celery.

Melomakarona

Melomakarona cookies are very popular in Greece during the Christmas holiday season. Cinnamon, orange and cloves are often used to give these cookies a unique and attractive taste. These cookies are usually dipped in a spiced syrup before sprinkled nut are added on top. In most places in Greece, these cookies are referred t as the Christmas cookies. There are also some versions  that have nut centers.

Turkey

Unlike many of the foods that are served on the Greek Christmas table, turkey is somewhat new on the scene. The reason for this is that turkeys aren’t all that common in Greece, and those that are in Greece are also relatively new. Although it arrived in the 1800s, it has become one of the popular foods in Christmas tables. Chicken is also a popular poultry choice for both Christmas and New Year tables. Here’s a recipe for Greek style braised turkey.

Kourabiethes

Kourabiethes are considered to be a cookie that is served during happy celebrations, of which Christmas is one of them. Made from powdered sugar, they also seem to melt in the mouth with every bite! They are often made using toasted almonds. Other nuts such as hazelnuts and walnuts can also be used. These cookies can be made in different shapes. Kourabiethes Cookies are always dusted with, rolled in or buried under confectioner’s sugar.

There are many other traditional Christmas foods in Greece. Christmas foods are often available in plenty when Christians are celebrating Christmas all over Greece. The people preparing these foods laws put their best foot forward to impress their loved ones and visitors.

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What Greek Orthodox Christians Believe About the Fast

People fast during the Nativity Fast as a way to focus on the Kingdom of God. It is a way to put one’s energies towards the Lord and put import on the present moment while freeing us from worldly material things. Fasting is a way to practice faith and individuals during this time must do it in secret, while abstaining from the ego and judging others. People fast to get closer to God, become more Christ-like, to turn their eyes toward God and pray, to be delivered from carnal or worldly passions and desires, and observe Christ’s redemption on the cross and our salvation. Since body and soul are together, material fasting from food in combination with prayer, almsgiving, and fasting from carnal emotions is paramount.

Know Who Should Participate in the Fast

Those who are practicing Orthodox Christians often participate in this fast. However, there are some who should abstain from it. If you have recently had a child, are pregnant, or are nursing and taking care of a newborn, you should not fast. You should also avoid fasting if you do not intend to do so with prayer and with the giving of alms. Do not fast if you are going to abstain from the spiritual aspect and proceed without spiritual guidance, and if you are suffering a serious illness or your doctor advises you to not participate due to your health. Those who are very young, old, or sick are exempt.

What are the Guidelines for Nativity Fasting?

The fast usually involves fasting from certain foods. Eggs, dairy, poultry, red meat, meat products, oil, fish and wine are all abstained from. However, some of these foods are allowed at certain times for most fasters. On Saturday and Sunday, fish, oil, and wine are acceptable to consume. Oil and wine is also allowed on Tuesday and Thursday, with some exceptions. Fish, wine and oil are allowed on November 16, November 30, December 4, 6, 12, and 20. No fish may be consumed from December 20-24, and hymns are sung during this time. Shellfish may be allowed even on days that exempt fish except for these.

Paramony is something that also occurs on Christmas Eve and is considered to be the strictest fasting day because no solid food should be consumed until the first star comes in the evening sky. However, if it falls on Saturday or Sunday, the fasting is not strict and allows a meal with wine and oil after the morning’s Divine Liturgy. The fast lasts until the evening’s first star is spotted or until after the Vesperal Divine Liturgy. December 25-January 4 there is no fasting, but January 5, the Eve of the Theophany, is another Paramony or strict fast day.

After the Christmas Eve service in Greece, it is the tradition to come home from church to break the fast. This is their first time they are able to eat certain foods, and the people definitely make the most of it by enjoying a lavish meal.

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In Greek folk tradition, the Kallikantzaros represent a particular race of evil goblins that dwell underground but a rise to the surface during the 12 Christmas days (25 December to 6 January). It is said that this name has been derived from the word “Kalos-Kentauros”, which loosely translates to a beautiful centaur and that the creature has its roots in Ancient Greece. However, they aren’t depicted as beautiful. They are actually malicious, ugly creatures that leave their homes in the ground and come to earth during the Christmas season to wreak their havoc.

What the Kalikantzaroi Are

According to myths and legends, the Kallikantzaroi are malevolent creatures that come out during the night. The stories tell that there are ways how people could protect themselves during the days when these paranormal entities are out in the world. People would often go through measures to protect themselves from these creatures, such as leaving a colander near their doorstep. The purpose of this was to force the Kallikantzaroi to be distracted into counting the holes of the coal and instead of indulging in evil doings.

The creatures also could not count beyond number 2 since number 3 is holy according to Greek mythology. If they somehow counted till 3, it would lead to their own demise. Another mode of production involved leaving the fire burning in the fireplace all night long so that they cannot enter through the chimney.

Unofficial Sightings of These Creatures

While there is no historical evidence that would state when this entity first made an appearance, some Greeks have been known to imagine them to be beasts of various physical traits. While some people have believed them to have animal parts like a combination of horses legs, tusks of a boar, have hairy bodies, have a wide variety of body types, some people have also painted them to be humans that smell terrible.

Most of the pictures and other depictions show them to have pronounced male characteristics. Also, many Greeks have painted them to be having pointy ears, having black fur, a scary face that is quite similar to that of a dog.

How to Prevent the Kalikantzoros From Causing Harm

As mentioned above, there are several methods that are used to prevent these creatures from causing harm. One of the most common is to leave a colander out. Another method would be to leave the fire burning at your fireplace, so that the Kalikantzaroi couldn’t pass through it. In some places, people even burn the Yule log for as long as twelve days to prevent its advent to their homes. Foul smelling shoes are thrown to the fireplace by some people. This stench is supposed to repel the devil and compel them to stay away. People have also been known to wear garlic or hang the garlic from their homes.

It is hard to know whether the Greek people actually believe that the Kalikantzaroi exist. However, people do take the superstitions seriously and honor the traditions from year to year.

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What is the Greek Kalanda Tradition?

A carol is also known as Kalanda or Kalanta in Greek. These carols play an important part in Greek Christmas tradition and they are typically sung on both New Year’s Eve and Epiphany Eve, which is on January 5. Children go door to door singing, often carrying triangles and other instruments, such as drums, to accompany the songs. Their parents often give them some money so that they can buy sweets along the way.

The children first start their visit by knocking on the door. They ask, “Na ta poume? Translated in English this means, “Shall we say it?” or “Shall we sing?” The answer, of course, is yes. Once you agree to let them sing, they begin. Once the song is over, they are usually invited in where they are given a small gift or asked to enjoy some refreshment with the family, such as some cookies or a kouloura, which is a type of sweet roll that is often sold in bakeries and as a street food.

LISTEN TO THE GREEK CHRISTMAS SONG (KALANDA HERE):

Which Songs are Sung?

A variety of songs are sung, such as a Greek translation of “Silent Night” and other traditional carols. Although some of them are translated from other carols that are sung, there are some unique ones. In particular, the “Kalanda Song” is also a popular favorite. However, no matter what song the kids sing, they usually add some verse that wishes the head of the household a long life and prosperity. This is what they sing:

Σ’ αυτό το σπίτι που ‘ρθαμε,
πέτρα να μη ραγίσει
κι ο νοικοκύρης του σπιτιού
χρόνια πολλά να ζήσει.

And here is the same verse, translated into English:

In this house we have come
No stone may ever crack
And the landlord
May live for many years.

Where Did the Tradition Come From?

Caroling has been a part of Christmas celebrations in Greece for thousands of years. In fact, it has its roots in Ancient Greece where children would carry small boats and sing songs honoring Dionysius. The tradition of praising the head of household also began in Ancient Greece. In addition to singing songs to honor their god, they would also bestow the household with a gift of an olive branch, which also signified prosperity.

Today, many elements of this ancient tradition still exist. First of all, children often do still hold decorated wooden boats while singing the carols. The sentiment is also the same – they wish the homeowners health, wealth, and prosperity by what they sing.

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Agios Vasilios Began as a Lawyer

Like St. Nicholas, St. Basil showed a deep concern for the poor and for those who experienced suffering but he didn’t start off as a monk. He was born in Asia Minor, modern-day Turkey, in AD 330, and came from a wealthy Christian family. His grandfather had been put to death before Emperor Constantine’s conversion to Christianity, so there was a legacy of Christianity in his family. However, before he decided to serve the church, he began as a legal scholar.

He eventually abandoned his legal career to serve the church. He became a preacher and then eventually a bishop. Following his conversion, he gave away all of his earthy possessions to the poor and to children. St. Basil organized a soup kitchen for the poor and established a large humanitarian complex called the Basiliad, which included a shelter, hospice, and hospital for the poor. One ancient writer likened it to the Ancient Wonders of the World.

Traditions Surrounding Agios Vasilios

Unlike the tradition of Santa Claus, Agios Vasilios does not bring people gifts on Christmas Eve. Instead, he delivers his gifts on New Year’s Eve. As a result, there are a lot of traditions surrounding his visit. On New Years Eve, everyone congregates around the city center, with children and teenagers making lots of noise. Another tradition on New Year’s is having vasilopita, a rich, round cake baked with a coin inside of it for good luck. The cakes are often inscribed with the date of the New Year on them. Whoever gets the piece with the coin inside it is given good luck for the rest of the year.

In the Greek Orthodox Church, it is said that St. Basil passed away on January 1, 379 AD.  Because of this, each year on New Year’s Day, Orthodox Christians remember Agios Vasilios, or Saint Basil, in church. Because of his tradition of helping the poor, this is why Greeks have determined that he brings gifts on New Year’s Eve, not Christmas Eve. This is why families all over Greece do their holiday gift exchange on New Year’s Day.

Because of the media and influence of other cultures on Greece, depictions of “Santa Claus” as a round man with a red suit and white beard are slowly becoming a part of the Christmas imagery in the country. However, this isn’t traditional. In Greece, their version of Santa is actually Agios Vasilios, or Saint Basil, the benevolent saint who helped the poor.

Source:

Orthodox Wiki – Basil the Great

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As it turns out, this may not be the case. One could argue that we are still leaving “Christ” in “Christmas”, even if we abbreviate using an “X”. Here’s more information as to why this could be the case:

The “X” Actually Stands for Christ (Χριστός)

One of the theories is that “X” actually doesn’t replace “Christ” in “Christmas”, but is actually an abbreviation for it. The Greek word for Christ is Χριστός (Christos) and English speakers appear to have been using “X” to abbreviate Christ for quite some time. However, whether or not this is actually the case has been under debate for quite some time.

According to Webster’s Dictionary, the first known usage appears to have occurred in 1551, but the source isn’t given. This dictionary also defines “Xmas” as “Christmas”. Webster’s also traces the origins of the abbreviation to Greek:

X (symbol for Christ, from the Greek letter chi (X), initial of Christos Christ) + -mas (in Christmas)

When the Phrase First Appeared in English

Although Webster’s Dictionary says that the phrase first appeared in 1551, most researchers have traced the usage of “X” for “Christ” back to the mid 1700’s in a work called The History of Saint Edmund’s College by Bernard Ward. There are some researchers who speculate that this usage dates back even earlier, but there aren’t any known appearances of this abbreviation. Other usages of this abbreviation appear in the 1800’s and early 1900’s. It started to increase in popularity in countries like the United States and Australia in the mid 1900’s.

It’s Not Considered Proper English

Although the term “Xmas” appears to be fairly common, it’s actually not considered to be proper usage. For example, The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage advises to stay away from abbreviating Christmas with Xmas. The style guides for The Times, The Guardian, and the BBC also advise that writers stay away from the abbreviation. This usage is largely considered to be informal and should be avoided when writing.

It’s true that there is a controversy behind whether or not we should abbreviate Christmas with Xmas. As it turns out, the origins of this abbreviation appear to be traced to the Greek word for Christ (Χριστός). Those who believe that writing Xmas takes “Christ” out of “Christmas” may not be entirely correct.

Source:

Wikipedia – Xmas

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Here’s a look at the top 10 foods that people enjoy at Christmas:

Avgolemono Soup – Chicken Soup

The Christmas Eve service is one of the most popular church services of the year. Prior to this service, Orthodox Christians go through their nativity fast. The meal after church is the first time these fasters can eat something with meat in it. It is a tradition for this soup to be the first thing that people eat. It can actually be made in advance and then reheated to enjoy after church.

Baklava – Nut and Phyllo Pastry

Baklava is one of the most popular desserts in Greece and it seems to make an appearance at every holiday. Christmas is no exception! Our version features honey, walnuts, and delicious warming spices like cinnamon. You can make a big pan and even give some of it away for gifts!

Karithopita – Walnut Cake

Walnuts are commonly found in Greece around Christmas, which means that this cake has a place on a lot of Christmas dinner tables. Karithopita features walnuts, sugar, and cinnamon. Our version even uses some Greek brandy! it tastes delicious with Greek coffee.

Spanakopita – Spinach Pie

Spanakopita is a great dish to cook during this time of year. You can make it well in advance, and you will always have something on hand for entertaining. It is also a great dish to bring when you are invited over someone’s house. You can easily serve this as an appetizer or even part of the main dinner.

Lahanodolmathes – Stuffed Cabbage

Stuffed cabbage is a very popular dish to serve at Christmas. Cabbage is in season during the winter months, which means that this dish will be easy to prepare. The addition to meat makes stuffed cabbage an even better choice for a holiday. It is a great food for entertaining because it can be made in advance.

Christopsomo – Christmas Bread

This sweet bread is made once a year on Christmas. Although the dough is similar to Tsooureki, the Easter bread, there are slight differences. The loaf is shaped differently and there are some different spices that are used. It is not uncommon to sweeten the dough with orange rind.

Roasted Pork

It’s a traditional to slaughter hogs around Christmastime, and as a result, many pork dishes find their way on the Christmas table. Besides roasting the animal whole, it is also common to roast smaller parts of the animal over a fire or in an oven.

Kourabedies

Kourabedies are known as a celebration cookie. Traditionally served at weddings, it is also a popular choice for Christmas. This cookie features sweet butter mixed with flour and is sweetened with confectioner’s sugar. It is finished with an ample amount of confectioner’s sugar to give it a festive appearance.

Melamacarona – Christmas Cookies

Melamacarona are the traditional Greek Christmas Cookie. It is made with delicious Greek honey, spices, and freshly squeezed orange juice. It is a great addition to any dinner table, and it tastes especially great with Greek coffee or Greek mulled wine!

Krasomelo – Mulled Wine

Wine is delicious on its own, but it is a real treat to heat it and perfume it with spices! Our version uses oranges, cinnamon, cloves, and even a little bit of star anise!

These Greek foods are a common choice to serve during Christmastime, both in Greece and in the the Greek diaspora.

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Christopsomo

Greek Christmas Bread (Christopsomo) Recipe Ingredients:

• 1/2 cup warm water (108 – 112 Degrees Fahrenheit)
• 1 package active dry yeast
• 1/3 cup plus 1 tablespoon granulated sugar
• 6 tablespoons butter, softened to room temperature
• 2 large eggs
• 3 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
• 2 teaspoons aniseed, crushed (or mahleb, if you have it)
• 1/2 teaspoon salt
• 1 large egg white, lightly beaten

Instructions to Make Greek Christmas Bread:

Add water, yeast, and 1 tablespoon of the sugar to a medium sized bowl and stir gently with a wooden spoon. Let sit until the mixture starts to foam, which should take about ten minutes.

Add butter and eggs to the yeast mixture and beat on medium speed using an electric mixer until the ingredients are well combined. Slowly beat in the rest of the sugar, salt, 1 cup of the flour, and the aniseed until well combined. Turn off the mixer and stir in the remainder of the flour with a wooden spoon or your hands until dough is smooth and isn’t sticky.

This is important. The flour amounts are not exact. Please, hold back on the flour. Only add the if you think the dough can handle it. Multiple things can impact how much flour will go in the dough. You might need more or less than what is listed. We’ve gotten close, but you’ll have to trust your judgment. The dough shouldn’t be dry and crumbly, it should be moist without being sticky. It is better to leave it a bit sticky at this stage before rising. You could always add a tiny amount of more flour when you knead it the second time.

Knead for five minutes in the bowl. Spray a large bowl with cooking spray and add the dough. Spray the top of the dough with cooking spray and cover it with a towel. Let the dough rise until doubled, which should take about two hours.

Punch down the dough to let out the air. Let stand for five minutes and then knead again for about three minutes to release the air bubbles. Form the dough into a loaf, spray a baking sheet with cooking spray, and place the dough on the sheet. Let stand for about an hour on the counter, or until the size of the loaf doubles.

Preheat the oven to 350 Degrees Fahrenheit. Brush the loaf with the whipped egg white. Place in the center of the oven and cook for 35 minutes, or until the loaf is golden brown.

**Please Note:  Recommended cook times for GreekBoston.com Greek recipes vary depending on elevation, environmental conditions, the cookware being used, and the nature of the oven or stove. Although we have given approximations, these don’t always take into account your unique environment.

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Recipe Ingredients for Melomacarona – Greek Christmas Cookies:

• 2 cups olive oil
• 3/4 cup sugar
• 3/4 cup orange juice
• 1/4 cup brandy
• 7-8 cups all-purpose flour
• 2 teaspoons baking powder
• 1 teaspoons soda

Recipe Ingredients For the Syrup:

• 2 cups honey
• 2 cups sugar
• 2 cups water

How to Prepare Melomacarona – Greek Christmas Cookies:

Make the syrup before you start preparing the cookies to bake. The syrup needs to be cooled down before you can use it. Boil honey, sugar and water for 5 minutes and let stand for an hour so that it cools down. Leave it on the counter so that it can cool down before use. This should take about an hour.

Preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Beat together first 4 ingredients. Sift flour, baking powder and soda 3 times. Add the sifted dry ingredients to the oil mixture and knead gently.

Pinch off small portions of dough the size of an egg and form into little patties. Roll them to make oblong rolls. Place on ungreased baking sheet and bake in the preheated oven for 30 minutes.

Pour syrup over “melomacarona.” after it comes out of the oven. Make sure the syrup is cool.  Soak for 15 minutes, taking them out of the syrup and place on large plate. Sprinkle with chopped walnuts and cinnamon.

**Please Note:  Recommended cook times for GreekBoston.com Greek recipes vary depending on elevation, environmental conditions, the cookware being used, and the nature of the oven or stove. Although we have given approximations, these don’t always take into account your unique environment.

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